Encyclopedias: Encyclopaedia of the Orient: I

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Ibn Batuta http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ibn_bat.htm Arab traveller and author. (1304- ?) Ibn Khaldoun http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ibn_khal.htm Islamic historian and sociologist. (1332-1406) Ibn Sa'ud http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ibn_saud.htm King of Hijaz and Najd, and afterwards king of Saudi Arabia. Founded the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (1879- 1953) Ibn Tufayl http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?i_tufayl.htm Arab philosopher and physician. (1100-1185) Ibn Tumart http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?i_tumart.htm Muslim reformer of Morocco. Was called Mahdi of the Almohads. Idu l-Fitr http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?id_fitr.htm Central religious feast in Islam, also known as cîdu s-saghîr and in Turkey as kücük-bairam. Idu l-Kabir http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?id_kabir.htm Central religious feast in Islam, lasting for a period of three days, celebrated on the 10. Dhu l-hijja. Ihram http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ihram.htm 1: State of sacredness in which a Muslim performs hajj and umra. 2: Garment worn by hajjiyys during hajj and umra. Intifada http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?intifada.htm Uprising in the Palestinian occupied territories from 1987 to 1993, in protest against the Israeli occupation and politics. Iran http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?iran.htm Independent Islamic republic, divided into 28 provinces. Heads of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Wali Faqih) Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei and President Mohammed Khatami. Iran-Iraq War http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?iranirqw.htm War between Iran and Iraq, lasting from 1980 to 1988, caused by disagreements on the borderline between the two countries. Iraq http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?iraq.htm Independent republic, divided into 18 governorates. Under the control of a US-led force since April 2003. Iriha http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?jericho.htm City in Palestine with about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the West Bank, in the Jordan Valley. Isa http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?jesus.htm (Jesus) In Christianity, a central religious person, either seen as God in human body or as son of God born by a woman. In Islam and Baha'i, one of the central prophets, as well as miracle worker (always called Isa). Islam http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?islam.htm A religion with more than 1,400 million believers. It is dominant in East- and North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and in Indonesia. Islamism http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?islamism.htm Group of ideologies in Islam that want to use the Sharia to its full extent. Israel http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?israel.htm Independent republic, but not recognized by a most countries in the Middle East. Divided into 6 districts. Istanbul http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?istanbul.htm Largest city in Turkey with 8,0 million inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Bosporus. Izmir http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?izmir.htm City in Turkey with 2.1 million inhabitants, situated in the west of Turkey.

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