Encyclopedias: Spartacus Educational: First World War: Page 5

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Torpedo http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWtorpedo.htm Self-propelled underwater missile launched from a tube located on the deck or inside the hull of a warship. German Navy was the first to fire an automotive torpedo in 1914. Carried a contact-triggered explosive warhead with a range of 10,000 meters and could travel at 41 knots. Training Camps http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWcamps.htm Recruits were trained by elderly people who were bought out of retirement, as experienced officers were needed in France to organize war against the Germans. Living conditions were deplorable in winter and there were several examples of soldiers going on strike. Trench Food http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWtrenchfood.htm Includes details of quality and quantity that soldiers in the Western Front received and methods of preparation. Trench Foot http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWfoot.htm Infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and unsanitary conditions. If untreated, could turn gangrenous and result in amputation. Includes remedies and photo. Trench Rats http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWrats.htm Fed on the corpses of men killed in the trenches. Includes excerpts from diaries and other writings. Troopships http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWtroopships.htm Includes list of vessels during World War I and details of their service. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWunrestricted.htm Policy advocated by Alfred von Tirpitz, state secretary of state of the Imperial German Navy. In the first six months of 1915, German U-Boats sank almost 750,000 tons of British shipping. USA Army Casualties: 1917-1918 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWusadeaths.htm Features table with causes of death and overseas and domestic totals. USA Flying Aces http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWusaaces.htm Features table listing pilots and number of victories. Vimy Ridge http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWvimy.htm Located almost 12km north-east of Arras, France and occupied by the Germans in 1914. In the Nivelle Offensive of 1917, the Canadian forces took control and inflicted heavy casualties on the German Army. Voluntary Aid Detachment http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWnurses.htm Provided medical assistance in time of war. Of the 74,000 VADs in 1914, two-thirds were women and girls who worked as assistant nurses, ambulance drivers and cooks. Includes excerpts from letters and articles. Warships - 1914-18 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwarships.htm Features table listing the Allied and Central Powers, and number of battleships, cruisers, gunboats, torpedo boats, submarines and destroyers. Waterlogged Trenches http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwater.htm Describes conditions endured by British troops. Trench life involved a never-ending struggle against water and mud. Duck-boards were placed at the bottom of the trenches to protect soldiers from problems such as trench foot. Whippet Tank http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwhippet.htm Mark A tank which proved effective at the offensive at Cambrai in November, 1917 when nearly 400 tanks created a battering ram that punched straight through the German lines. Will Crooks http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcrooks.htm Chairman of the Public Control Committee and promoted fair wages. Became the first working-class member of the Poplar Board of Guardians. Participated in the recruiting campaign and toured the Western Front in an effort to boost the morale of troops. (1852-1921) William Wedgwood Benn http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbenn.htm Elected to represent Liberal party in the House of Commons in 1906 and was a strong supporter of the trade union movement. Later trained as a pilot and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the French Croix de Guerre and the Italian Military Cross in World War I. (1877-1960) Winston Churchill http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRchurchill.htm Statesman, author, prime minister from 1940-45 and 1951-55. Commanded a battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front. Won Nobel Prize for literature in 1953. Includes excerpts from his speeches. (1874-1965) Wireless Communication http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwireless.htm Describes work of Guglielmo Marconi. Includes photograph. Wireless Telegraphy http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWairwireless.htm Used by the Royal Flying Corps to help home-defense aircraft during German bombing raids. Clear signals could be heard over twenty miles. Pilots could now be informed about enemy aircraft movements with a better chance of successfully reaching them before they dropped bombs on Britain. Women and Recruitment http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwomenrecruit.htm Order of the White Feather organization encouraged women to give out white feathers to young men who had not joined the army. Leaders of the WSPU played an important role as speakers at meetings to recruit young men into the army. Includes excerpts from newspaper articles. Women Farm Workers http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWfarmingEG.htm Worked on the land and filled the places of the men who had gone to fight for their country. Over 250,000 women become involved in producing food and goods to support their war effort. World Ship Losses - 1914-18 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWworld.htm Features table which lists countries and tonnage. Zeppelin Air Raids http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelinraids.htm Accepted into German army service in 1909. First raid on London took place on May 31, 1915, in which 28 people were killed and 60 injured. A total of 115 Zeppelins were used by the German military, of which 77 were either destroyed or so damaged they could not be used again. Includes excerpts from various writings.
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