- The Poor Man's Guardian
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpoor.htm
Abstract: The Poor Man's Guardian was published up until July 1831 as the Penny Papers. the publisher refused to pay the stamp duty on each paper sold. On the front page, where the red spot of the stamp duty should have been, Hetherington printed the slogan "Knowledge is Power". Underneath were the words, "Published in Defiance of the Law, to try the Power of Right against Might". By 1833 circulation had reached 22,000, with two-thirds of the copies being sold in the provinces. In a three year period, twenty-five of these forty agents went to prison for selling an unstamped newspaper. The campaign for an untaxed press obtained a boast in June 1834 when it was ruled that the Poor Man's Guardian was not an illegal publication. In December, 1835, it ceased publication.
- The Quarterly Review
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jquarterly.htm
Abstract: Established in 1809 as a Tory rival to the Whig supporting Edinburgh Review, the idea for the journal came from Sir Walter Scott. The Quarterly Review stood politically for preserving the status quo. The journal was very hostile to the work of writers in favour of political reform. Writers such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, Thomas Babington Macaulay and Charles Dickens all received hostile reviews in the journal, whereas the work of Jane Austin and Sir Walter Scott was warmly praised. It was alleged that John Wilson Croker's savage review of John Keat's Endymion contributed to the poet's early death. The Quarterly Review ceased publication in 1967.
- The Red Republican
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHrepublican.htm
Abstract: In 1848 Harney, editor of the Northern Star, resigned and formed his own newspaper, the Red Republican. In the paper Harney attempted to educate his working class readers about socialism and internationalism. Harney also attempted to convert the trade union movement to socialism. In 1850 the Red Republican published the first English translation of The Communist Manifesto. The newspaper was not a financial success and was closed down in December, 1850.
- The Republican
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRrepublican.htm
Abstract: Started in 1817 as Sherwin's Political Register, a full report of the Peterloo Massacre appeared in the next edition of the newspaper. The authorities responded by confiscating the complete stock of newspapers and pamphlets. In an attempt to keep in business, the newspaper changed it's name to the Republican. The first edition of the Republican contained a detailed article on the Peterloo Massacre. They also published Tom Paine's Common Sense, The Rights of Man and the Age of Reason. Due to the publicity created by the publisher being tried for seditious libel, the circulation of the newspaper increased dramatically and was now outselling pro-government newspapers such as The Times.
- The Times
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtimes.htm
The Times was founded in 1788 by newsprint publisher John Walter in the hopes of reaching a widespread audience. After Walter was imprisoned for printing a critique of the Prince of Wales, his son, John Walter II, steered The Times into further controversy by printing articles favoring parliamentary reform. The Times was later successively edited by Thomas Barnes, John Delane and Thomas Chernery. Purchased by Lord Northcliffe in 1908, who hired Geoffrey Dawson as an editor, and later Henry Wickham Steed., The Times was passed on to John Jacob Astor following Lord Northcliffe's death in 1922.
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