Encyclopedias: Spartacus Educational: Socialism and the Labour Movement

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1924 General Election http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GE1924.htm Features total votes and percents received by the Conservatives, Liberals, Labour Party, Sinn Fein, Communist Party and Constitutionalist. Includes brief description of terms. Aneurin Bevan http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbevan.htm Long-time leader of the left-wing Labour Party and Minister of Health. Includes excerpts from the works of various writers. (1897-1960) Annie Besant http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm Noted Socalist, women's rights, and trade union activist during the late 1800's and early 1900's. Member of the Secular Society; wrote and published her own book advocating birth control entitled The Laws of Population. Annie Kenney http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wkenney.htm Women's rights activist during the early 1900's, also active in the Labour movement. Arthur Henderson http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhenderson.htm Elected as a paid organizer of the Iron Founders Union. Main person responsible for Labour and the Nation, a pamphlet that attempted to clarify the political aims of the Labour Party. MP for Widnes in the House of Commons. (1863-1935) Arthur Maundy Gregory http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SSgregory.htm British MI5 agent tasked with uncovering possible foreign spies during the early 1900`s. Involved in several political scandals, including one in which he was accused and convicted of trying to sell honours. Responsible for publication of the forged Zinoviev Letter which helped to discredit the Labour party days before the 1924 General Election. Basil Thomson http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SSthomson.htm Was Deputy Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and five years later became head of the Special Branch. It is believed that Thomson and Arthur Maundy Gregory were involved in arranging the Zinoviev Letter to be published in British newspapers. This event helped to defeat the Labour Party in the 1924 General Election. Beatrice Webb http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbB.htm Writer of such books as The History of Trade Unionism and Industrial Democracy. She also helped found the London School of Economics and Political Science. Includes detailed history and accomplishments. (1858 - 1943) Ben Tillett http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REtillett.htm Led a strike at Tilbury Dock; became involved in the London Dock Strike; one of England's leading socialists. Bertrand Russell http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUrussell.htm Member of the Fabian Society and founding member of the Union of Democratic Control (UDC), the most important of the anti-war organizations during the First World War. Wrote Political Ideals: Roads to Freedom. (1872-1970) Charles Kingsley http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REkingsley.htm Clergyman, novelist and poet active in the socalist movement of the late 1800's. Author of The Water Babies. Includes short biography and photo. (1810-1875) Charlotte Despard http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdespard.htm Active in the labour, trade union, and women's suffrage movements. Helped form the Women's Freedom League (WFL) and urged members not to pay taxes and to boycott the 1911 Census. Pacifist during the war. In the 1920s became involved in the Sinn Fein campaign for a united Ireland. Includes excerpts from her speeches. (1844-1939) Christabel Pankhurst http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstC.htm Activist in the women's suffrage movement, with early ties to the socialist and trade union movements. Christian Socialism http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REsocialism.htm Movement which advocated socialism on religious and moral grounds. Clement Attlee http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUattlee.htm Member of the Labour Party. Served as prime minister from 1945-51. Presided over a number of social reforms, including establishment of the National Health Service and nationalization of some industries, services and the Bank of England. (1883-1967) Clifford Allen http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUallen.htm Member and supporter of socialist and labour organizations, including the Fabian Society. Also noted as a pacifist who helped form the No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF), an organization that encouraged men to refuse war service. Refusing to serve in the British Armed Forces, he spent 16 months in prison. (1889-1939) Donald Soper http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsoper.htm Joined the Labour Party and fiercely attacked capitalism and the arms trade. Other issues that concerned him included blood sports, child labor and inadequate state help for the poor. Wrote many books on Christianity, social questions, pacifism and international issues. (1903-1998) Edith Nesbit http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUnesbit.htm Author of 44 children's books, and regular lecturer and writer on socialism throughout the 1880s. Helped form the Fabian Society. Includes biography and a photo. (1858-1924) Edward Aveling http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUaveling.htm Elected to the London School Board and promoted free, elementary schooling for the working class. Joined with Friedrich Engels to form a new Marxist working class party. (1849-1898) Edward Carpenter http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcarpenter.htm Established himself as a poet of democracy and socialism with books like Towards Democracy, and England's Ideal. He also wrote socialist songs and hymns such as England Arise! that were used by the Labour Church movement in the 1890s. (1844-1929) Edward Pease http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUpease.htm Appointed secretary of the Fabian Society, a Socialist debating group. Member of the Independent Labour Party. Served on the Labour Representation Committee (named the Labour Party after 1906) and held the post for the next fourteen years. (1857-1955) Eleanor Marx http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarx.htm Youngest daughter of Karl Marx. Advocated "Revolutionary International Socialism" and in 1885 helped organize the International Socialist Congress in Paris. Became active in trade unions. (1855-1898) Elizabeth Pease http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REpeaseE.htm Supported of universal suffrage and believed that most of the problems afflicting British society was due to "class legislation". Became member of the Peace Society and the Temperance Society and also took part in the anti-vivisection campaign. (1807-1897) Ellen Wilkinson http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwilkinson.htm Represented Middlesbrough East in the House of Commons. Active in women's suffrage movement and trade unions. Appointed Minister of Education, the first woman in British history to hold the post. (1891-1947) Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wpethick.htm Socialist member of the Women's Social and Political Union. Was a prominent member of the Women's International League for Peace, an organization committed to world peace. (1867-1954)
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