- Anne Knight
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wknight.htm
Abstract - Born in Chelmsford in 1781. By 1830 she was deeply involved in the Quaker attempt to end slavery. In 1834 she toured France where she gave lectures on the immorality of slavery. She also became active in the Chartist movement. She never married, and spent the last few years of her life in Waldersbach, a small village south-west of Strasbourg where she died on 4th November, 1862.
- Annie Besant
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm
Abstract - Born in 1847, she joined the Secular Society in 1874 and wrote many articles on issues such as marriage and women's rights eventually publishing her own book advocating birth control. A member of the Fabian Society, she was elected to the London School Board in 1889 where her achievements included a programme of free meals for undernourished children and free medical examinations for all those in elementary schools. She died in India in 1933.
- Annie Kenney
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wkenney.htm
Abstract - Born in Oldham, Lancashire in 1879, one of eleven children. She joined the Independent Labour Party and then in 1905 joined the Women's Social and Political Union. Arrested several times over the next few years for various activist protests, the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 ended her militant campaign for the vote and for the next four years she helped organize an Anti-Bolshevist campaign against strikes. Annie Kenney died in 1953.
- Anti-Suffrage League
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wanti.htm
Abstract - Founded in the summer of 1908, the Anti-Suffrage League argued the case against women's suffrage and collected signatures against women having the vote and at a meeting on 26th March, 1909, announced that over 250,000 people had signed the petition and the following June reported there were 15,000 paying members and 110 branches and the number who had signed the petition had reached 320,000.
- Arson Campaign
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Warson.htm
Abstract - In July 1912, a secret arson campaign was organized and attempts were made to burn down the houses of two members of the government who opposed women having the vote. Not all were infavour of this approach and left the instigating organisation.
- Barbara Bodichon
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbodichon.htm
Abstract - Born in 1827. In the 1850s she concentrated on the campaign to remove women's legal disabilities. This included writing articles and organizing petitions. In 1858 she helped found the journal, The Englishwoman's Review. In 1877 she was taken seriously ill and was left paralyzed. She remained an invalid until her death in 1891.
- Beatrice Webb
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbB.htm
Abstract - Born on 2nd January, 1858, at Standish House in Gloucestershire. In she joined the Charity Organization Society (COS), an organisation that attempted to provide Christian help to those living in poverty. While working with the poor, she realised that charity would not solve their problems. She began to argue that it was the causes of poverty that needed to be tackled, such as the low standards of education, housing and public health. She died on 30th April, 1943.
- Birth Control
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbirth.htm
Abstract - Working class women were expected to work until they had children. These women tended to have more children than upper and middle class wives. In the middle of the 19th century, the average married woman gave birth to six children and over 35% of all married women had eight or more.Birth control was a prohibited subject, opposed by both the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church as well as government. Many were jailed for the publication of materials and the advocacy of immoral behaviour.
- Careers and Professions
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcareer.htm
Abstract - In the 19th century upper class and middle class women were not expected to earn their own living. Women rarely had careers and most professions refused entry to women. It was virtually impossible for women to become doctors, engineers, architects, accountants or bankers. Women were allowed to become teachers. In 1861 over 72% of teachers were women, but teaching was a low status job and poorly paid. By 1900 there were only 200 women doctors. It was not until 1910 that women were allowed to become accountants and bankers.
- Caroline Norton
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wnorton.htm
Abstract - Born in 1808. She had always been interested in writing and in 1829 her long poem The Sorrows of Rosalie was published followed by The Undying One in 1830. As a result of these poems, she was invited to become editor of La Belle Assemblee and Court Magazine. One of the first factory reform poems, A Voice from the Factories (1836) and The Dream and Other Poems (1840) had received good reviews. In 1845 she published her most ambitious poem, The Child of the Islands. She died in 1877.
- Cat and Mouse Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcat.htm
In 1913 the Women's Social & Political Union increased its campaign to destroy public and private property. The women responsible were caught and once in prison went on hunger-strikes. Determined to avoid them becoming martyrs, the government introduced the Prisoner's Temporary Discharge of Ill Health Act. As soon as they became ill they were released but once recovered, were re-arrested and returned to prison where they completed their sentences. This became known as the Cat and Mouse Act.
- Catherine Booth
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbooth.htm
Abstract - Born in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, in 1829. At the age of fourteen she developed spinal curvature and four years later, incipient tuberculosis. It was while she was ill in bed that she began writing articles for magazines warning of the dangers of drinking alcohol. In 1864 she and William Booth began in London's East End the Christian Mission which later developed into the Salvation Army. She died of cancer in October 1890.
- Charlotte Despard
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdespard.htm
Abstract - Born in Ripple, Kent, in 1844. In 1874 her first novel, Chaste as Ice, Pure as Snow was published. During the next sixteen years she wrote ten novels. She became a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and in 1906 joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). In 1930 she visited the Soviet Union and impressed with what she saw she joined the Communist Party and became secretary of the Friends of Soviet Russia organization. She died in Ireland in 1939.
- Christabel Pankhurst
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstC.htm
Abstract - Born in Manchester in 1880. In 1903 she helped form the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). In October 1915, The WSPU changed its newspaper's name from The Suffragette to Britannia with the a new slogan: "For King, For Country, for Freedom'. In 1921 she went to live in the United States where she became a prominent member of Second Adventist movement. She died in the USA in 1958.
- Cicely Corbett-Fisher
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wfisher.htm
Abstract - Born at Danehill, Sussex in 1885 and educated at home, she and some friends formed a society called the Younger Suffragists and later formed the Liberal Women's Suffrage Group. After the First World War, she was active in the Labour Party and the Women's International League. Died at Danehill in 1959.
- Clementina Black
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wblack.htm
Abstract - Born in Brighton in 1854 she began writing fiction and in 1877 her first novell was published. In 1886 as a result of her friendship with the Marx family she became a member of the Women's Trade Union League and was appointed honorary secretary. She was also involved in the formation of the Consumers' League and in 1889 helped form the Women's Trade Union Association and was a member of the Fabian Society as well as the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and in 1912 was editor of their journal The Common Cause. She died in 1922.
- Constance Lytton
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wlytton.htm
Abstract - Born in 1869 she spent the first eleven years of her life in India. In 1908 she joined the Women's Social and Political Union. In 1911 she suffered a stroke which left her partly paralyzed. Unable to take an active role in the suffragette struggle, she concentrated on writing articles and pamphlets on women's rights for the WSPU. Constance also wrote a book on her experiences in the suffragette movement called Prisons and Prisoners. She died in 1923.
- Constance Markievicz
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarkiewicz.htm
Abstract - Born at Lissadell, County Sligo, Ireland on 4th February, 1868. In 1893 she moved to London to study art and joined the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. In 1908 she joined Sinn Fein and subsequently founded Fianna Eireann. After the passing of the Qualification of Women Act, she stood as a Sinn Fein candidate and was the only woman successful in the 1918 General Election becoming Minister of Labour. She died in Dublin on 15th July 1927.
- Dorothea Beale
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbeale.htm
Abstract - Born in London in 1831. She authored a Textbook of General History which led to her appointment as Head Teacher of Cheltenham Ladies College which became one of the most highly regarded schools in the country. In 1865 she and several women formed the Kensington Society which in 1867 drafted a petition asking Parliament to grant women the vote. After failing, they formed the London Society for Women's Suffrage. She continued as an author, teacher and promoter of women's rights until her death in 1906.
- Elizabeth Fry
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REfry.htm
Abstract - Born in Norwich in 1780. By the 1820s largely due to her efforts to get prison reform, she had become a well-known personality in Britain. She also campaigned for the homeless in London and improvements in the way patients were treated in mental asylums as well as promoting the reform of workhouses and hospitals with an eye to training nurses. Queen Victoria gave her money to help with her charitable work. Se died in 1845 and although Quakers do not have a funeral service, over a thousand people stood in silence as she was buried at the Society of Friend's graveyard at Barking.
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WandersonE.htm
Abstract - Born in Whitechapel, London in 1836. She discovered that the Society of Apothecaries did not specify that females were banned for taking their examinations and in 1865 sat and passed the examination. As soon as she was granted the certificate that enabled her to become a doctor, the Society changed their regulations to stop other women from entering the profession in this way. She established a medical practice in London and became active in Women's Rights. In 1902 she retired to Aldeburgh and in 1908 was elected mayor; the first woman mayor in England. She died in 1917.
- Elizabeth Robins
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wrobins.htm
Abstract - Born in Louisville, Kentucky in 1862, she an away from Vasser at 18 to become an actress. In 1888 she introduced British audiences to the work of Henrik Ibsen. She was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union and active in the Actresses' Franchise League and the Women's Writers' League and wrote a large number of speeches defending militant suffragettes between 1906 and 1912. She died in Brighton in 1952.
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