- Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbutler.htm
Abstract - Born in Lausanne in 1846. In 1874 submitted a painting entitled the Roll Call to the Royal Academy in London where the painting caused a sensation. By 1875 she was the most popular and well-known painter in Britain. After 1881 she found it very difficult to sell her paintings and although she continued to paint military pictures until her death in 1933, she was never again to achieve the popularity that she enjoyed in the early part of her career.
- Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Welmy.htm
Abstract- Born in 1834. In 1853 she purchased her own boarding school in Manchester and in 1865 joined with other women schoolteachers in her area to form the Manchester Schoolmistresses' Association. Two years later Elizabeth and Josephine Butler helped establish the North of England Council for the Higher Education of Women. In 1865 she joined with Lydia Becker to form the Manchester Society for Women's Suffrage. She died in 1913.
- Emily Davies
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdavies.htm
Abstract - Born in Gateshead in 1830. In 1865 she joined with her friends to form a woman's discussion group called the Kensington Society. The following year the group formed the London Suffrage Committee and began organizing a petition asking Parliament to grant women the vote. In 1912 she resigned when the organisation decided to give its full support to the Labour Party. Emily now joined the much smaller Conservative and Unionists Women's Franchise Society. She died in 1921.
- Emily Davison
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdavison.htm
Abstract - Born at Blackheath in 1872 she graduated from London University and obtained teaching post and joined the Women's Social and Political Union in 1906. In 1909 she gave up full-time teaching so that she could devote more of her time to the WSPU and the Workers' Educational Association. In June, 1913, she attempted to grab the bridle a horse owned by King George V at the Derby. The horse struck her and fractured her skull resulting in her death.
- Emmeline Pankhurst
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstE.htm
Absrtact - Born in Manchester in 1858. 0In 1895 she became a Poor Law Guardian. She became concerned about the way women were treated and it reinforced her belief that women's suffrage was the only way these problems would be solved. In 1917 she helped form the Women's Party and in 1925 joined the Conservative Party and was adopted as one of their candidates in the East End of London. She died in 1928.
- Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wpethick.htm
Abstract - Born in 1867. In 1895 she formed the Esperance Club helping a group of young women establish a co-operative dressmaking business. In 1907 she helped start the journal Votes for Women. In the 1920s and 1930s she worked for the Women's International League, an organisation committed to world peace and remained active in politics until 1950 when she had a serious accident that left her immobilized. She died of a heart attack in 1954.
- Equal Franchise Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/W1928.htm
Abstract - After the passing of the Qualification of Women Act in 1918 the NUWSS and WSPU disbanded. In 1919 Parliament passed the Sex Disqualification Removal Act which made it illegal to exclude women from jobs because of their sex. A bill was introduced in March 1928 to give women the vote on the same terms as men and it became law on 2nd July 1928.
- Ethel Annakin Snowden
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wsnowden.htm
Abstract - Born in 1880. She became a teacher in Liverpool where she joined the local branch of the Independent Labour Party and was active in the Temperance Society and helped form a branch of the Nation Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in Leeds. During the first world war she was an active member of the Women's Peace Crusade. In 1926 she was made a member of the BBC Board of Governors where she clashed with the Director General. She died in 1951.
- First World War
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wfirst.htm
Abstract - On 4th August, 1914, England declared war on Germany. As men left jobs to fight overseas, they were replaced by women. Women filled many jobs brought into existence by wartime needs. As a result the number of women employed increased from 3,224,600 in July, 1914 to 4,814,600 in January 1918.
- Florence Nightingale
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REnightingale.htm
Abstract - Born in Florence, Italy, on 12th May, 1820. At seventeen she felt herself to be called by God to some unnamed great cause. In 1851 she went to Kaiserwerth, Germany where she studied to become a nurse at the Institute of Protestant Deaconesses. In 1856 after long service in the Crimean war, she returned to England as a national heroine. In later life she suffered from poor health and in 1895 went blind. She died in London on 13th August, 1910 after fifteen years as an invalid.
- Frances Balfour
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbalfour.htm
Abstract - Born in 1858. In 1887 she joined the recently formed Liberal Women's Suffrage Society. After women were granted the vote, Balfour spent her time writing books and articles including several biographies and an autobiography, Me Obliviscaris. She died in 1930.
- Frances Buss
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbuss.htm
Abstract - Born in 1827. In 1850 she established the North London Collegiate School for Girls. She only employed qualified teachers and made use of visiting lecturers from Queen's College. In 1865 she helped form a woman's discussion group called the Kensington Society and the following year the group formed the London Suffrage Committee. She died in 1894.
- Hannah Mitchell
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmitchell.htm
Abstract - Born in 1871. In 1904 she joined the local branch of Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and in 1907 left to join the Women's Freedom League. She joined the Independent Labour Party and and war opposition organizations including the No-Conscription Fellowship and the Women's Peace Council. In 1924 she was elected to the Manchester City Council. She died in 1956.
- Harriet Martineau
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmartineau.htm
Abstract - Born in 1802. In 1823 the Unitarian journal, Monthly Repository, published her anonymous article, On Female Education. In 1829, she moved to London and began to write books with great success on both religious and political topics. In 1852 she joined the staff of the Daily News and over the next sixteen years wrote over 1600 articles for the newspaper as well as articles for other magazines on women's issues. She continued to write pamphlets and articles until her death in 1876.
- Harriet Taylor
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wtaylor.htm
Abstract - Born on 8th October, 1807. She helped, indeed wrote much of John Mill's books and articles, she was active in the women's suffrage campaign. She was an original member of the Kensington Society that produced the first petition requesting votes for women. She also took part in the agitation for women to be allowed to take part in local government and after the passing of the 1870 Education Act served as a member of the London School Board.
- Hunger Strikes
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Whunger.htm
Abstract - In 1909, an imprisoned suffragette refused to eat. Afraid that she might die and become a martyr, it was decided to release her. Soon afterwards other imprisoned suffragettes adopted the same strategy. Unwilling to release all the imprisoned suffragettes, the prison authorities force-fed these women on hunger strike. Several suffragettes, probably died as a result of being forced fed in prison. Determined to avoid these women becoming martyrs, the government introduced the Prisoner's Temporary Discharge of Ill Health Act which became known as the Cat and Mouse Act.
- Industrial Work
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwork.htm
Abstract - By 1910 women made up almost one third of the workforce, often on a part-time or temporary basis. The Women's Industrial Council concentrated on acquiring information about the problem and by 1914 the organisation had investigated one hundred and seventeen trades and published the book Married Women's Work. This information was then used to persuade Parliament to take action against the exploitation of women in the workplace.
- Isabella Ford
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wford.htm
Abstract - Born in Leeds in 1855. In 1885 she helped the president of the Women's Protective and Provident League, to form a Machinists' Society for tailoresses in Leeds. In 1889 she established the Leeds Tailoresses' Union and the following year she was elected president of the organisation. In 1890 she helped form the Leeds Women's Suffrage Society and three years later was involved in forming a Leeds branch of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). She died in 1924.
- Jennie Lee
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlee.htm
Abstract - Born in Lochgelly, Fife in 1904. She was able to become a student at Edinburgh University and joined the Labour Club, the University Women's Union and the editorial board of the Rebel Student. In February 1929 at twenty-four she became the youngest member of the House of Commons. She retired from the House of Commons in 1970 when she was created Baroness Lee of Asheridge. Jennie Lee died in 1988.
- Josephine Butler
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbutler.htm
Abstract - Born in 1828. In 1867 she joined Anne Jemima Clough in establishing courses of advanced study for women. Later that year Josephine Butler was appointed president of the North of England Council for the Higher Education of Women. In 1885 Butler joined together with Florence Booth of the Salvation Army and W. T. Stead, the editor of the Pall Mall Gazette, to expose what had become known as the white slave traffic. She died in 1906.
- Katharine Glasier
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wglasier.htm
Abstract - Born in 1867. She found work as a Classics mistress at Redlands High School in Bristol. In 1890, she joined the Bristol Socialist Society but finding their views too revolutionary she left to join the Bristol Fabian Society. In 1916 she became editor of the Labour Leader. In 1947 she celebrated her eightieth birthday by giving a lecture on the Religion of Socialism. She died on 14th June, 1950.
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