Encyclopedias: Spartacus Educational: The Trade Union Movement
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1817 Gagging Acts
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgagging.htm
Banned meetings of over fifty people and made magistrates to arrest everyone suspected of spreading libel.
1819 Six Acts
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsix.htm
Six measures attempting to suppress radical newspapers and meetings.
1825 Combination Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lcombination25.htm
Made it illegal for workers to join to press their employers for shorter hours or may pay.
1825 Combination Acts
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lcombination.htm
Took action against political agitation among industrial workers.
1871 Trade Union Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Ltrade.htm
Secured the legal status of trade unions.
1906 Trades Disputes Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Ldisputes.htm
Removed trade union liability for damage by strike action.
1913 Trade Union Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Ltrade13.htm
Gave unions the right to divide its subscriptions into a political and a social fund.
1927 Trade Disputes and Trade Union Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Ltrade27.htm
Outlawed general strikes and sympathetic strikes, and banned civil servants from joining unions.
Alexander Macdonald
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmacdonald.htm
A member of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions; joined as the first working-class members of the House of Commons.
Annie Besant
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm
Member of the Secular Society; wrote and published her own book advocating birth control entitled The Laws of Population.
Arthur Henderson
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhenderson.htm
Elected as a paid organizer of the Iron Founders Union. Main person responsible for Labour and the Nation pamphlet.
Ben Tillett
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REtillett.htm
Led a strike at Tilbury Dock; became involved in the London Dock Strike; one of England's leading socialists.
Bloody Sunday
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbloody.htm
A meeting of the Social Democratic Federation that was banned, but continued and was attacked by the police.
Clementina Black
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wblack.htm
Became a member of the Women's Trade Union League; wrote several books on the problem of low pay.
Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lconspiracy.htm
Made it legal for an individual to stop work.
Ernest Bevin
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbevin.htm
Was opposed to the forming of the Triple Alliance with the miners and railwaymen.
Frederic Harrison
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUharrison.htm
Developed radical political views; refused to sign the Majority Report; appointed alderman of the new London County Council.
Gas Workers Union
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUgas.htm
Formed in 1889 to protect gas workers from the power of their employers.
George Barnes
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbarnes.htm
A full-time union official; formed the National Committee of Organised Labour for Old Age Pensions.
George Howell
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhowell.htm
Campaigned for universal suffrage; published several books on trade unionism.
George Potter
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUpotter.htm
Established a trade union weekly newspaper, the Bee-Hive; gave support to trade unionists.
Hannah Mitchell
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmitchell.htm
Became a full-time worker for the Women's Social and Political Union; joined the Independent Labour Party in 1914.
Harry Gosling
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUgosling.htm
Elected to the Trade Union Congress parliamentary committee; a member of the House of Commons.
Henry Broadhurst
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbroadhurst.htm
Campaigned to reduce the working week and an increase the wage in the building industry.
Isabella Ford
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wford.htm
An important writer of books on the struggle for equality.
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